{"id":8839,"date":"2026-10-20T09:17:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T22:17:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/plast.org.au\/?p=8839"},"modified":"2026-10-21T11:43:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T00:43:40","slug":"100-%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b2-%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%82%d1%96-%d1%89%d0%be-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b1%d0%bb%d1%96-%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%83%d1%82%d1%8c-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/plast.org.au\/uk\/100-%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba%d1%96%d0%b2-%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d1%82%d1%96-%d1%89%d0%be-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b1%d0%bb%d1%96-%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%83%d1%82%d1%8c-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be\/","title":{"rendered":"100 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb: \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0417 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 100-\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a-\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0439\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0443 1962 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a-\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0439\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f 1962 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u0406. \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0423 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454, \u0430\u0431\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u044e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u041f\u0421. \u0423 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0456\u044f\u0432 \u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0437\u0430\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0457\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c, \u0430 \u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0456 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044e \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0437\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0456 \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0439\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0443 \u0443 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044e \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443. \u041d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0454 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 1979 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0456 1978 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 1980\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0443, \u0421\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435\u044e \u0456 \u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437 \u041a\u0432\u0456\u043d\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c 1980-\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0445, \u0417\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435, \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432, \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430, \u041b\u0456\u0434\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0442\u0430 \u0404\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u044f \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043d\u044f 1981 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0449\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u044e \u2014 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f 1982 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043e\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0456 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456. \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u2014 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u044e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0426\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0446\u0456 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0413\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0412\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0440\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0432 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0440<\/strong>, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f 29 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f 1985 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0439 \u0421\u0423\u041c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00bb. \u0426\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u2019\u0457\u0437\u0434 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0456 4-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u0421\u041f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u2019\u0457\u0437\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u043c\u0456\u0446\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0445, \u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u044e \u2014 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u0417\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f 22 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044f 1987 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0456. \u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044e, \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b. \u0441\u0435\u043d. \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u044e \u2014 \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044e \u2014 \u041d. \u0413\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u2019\u0457\u0437\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0456\u043b\u00bb, \u041b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0423\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430, \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0414\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f, 23 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044f 1987 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 60-\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0423\u0421\u041f \u0442\u0430 \u0423\u041f\u0421. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0423\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0457 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0456 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437 4-\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0423\u0421\u041f. \u041e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0430\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0438 4-\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c \u0423\u0421\u041f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0421\u0428\u0410.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0456 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457. \u041e\u043a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u00bb, \u041b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0423\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0456 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u0407\u0445\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0456\u0437 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0439 \u0410\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0457\u0434\u0438, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 1980-\u0442\u0456 \u0439 1990-\u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 100 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0422\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456 \u0440\u0432\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e, \u0430 \u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0443 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0432 1962 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u2014 \u0446\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0454 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0456 2-\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0423\u041f\u0421 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0456\u0434\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 100-\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0447\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457 \u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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As Ti, Shcho Hrebli Rvut<\/em> (Those Who Break Through the Dams) celebrates its centenary, we look back at the history of the second senior Plast women\u2019s kuren<\/em> (2nd Kurin UPS) in Australia, whose members have dedicated decades to Ukrainian Scouting, community service and the preservation of Ukrainian identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the kuren<\/em> traces its origins to Ukraine, its Australian story began in 1962, when a small group of senior Plast women in Victoria took the first steps towards establishing an Australian branch of the organisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The beginnings in Australia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On 2 December 1962, Plast Senior Leader Oksana Tarnavska received a letter from the head of the Australian National Senior Plast Leadership, informing her that the Plast leadership wished for her to join a senior women\u2019s kuren<\/em>. In response, Tarnavska expressed her desire to join the 2nd Kurin UPS, whose mother kuren<\/em> was based in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Australian leadership encouraged her to recruit additional members and establish a local group, with the possibility of forming an Australian plavnia<\/em> (branch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarnavska was soon joined by Plast Senior Leaders Tatiana Venhrynovych and Natalka Trynevych. Together, the three women formed a stezh\u0430<\/em> (small group) in Victoria, with Tarnavska elected as its leader. Despite waiting years for formal recognition from the mother kuren<\/em>, the group began its official activities immediately, holding monthly meetings. All three women were already actively involved in the work of the Victorian Plast branch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their membership in the 2nd Kurin UPS was formally confirmed in a letter dated January 1979, following a decision made by the mother kuren<\/em> at its council meeting in New York in November 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The group grew in size in the early 1980s, when older scouts from Melbourne, Sydney and later Queensland joined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Growing across Australia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The group continued to expand throughout the 1980s, welcoming new members in both Victoria and South Australia. Among those who joined were Irena Tsabaniuk, Yaroslava Boliukh, Zina Botte, Halyna Pyrohiv, Mariia Sviatkinska, Lida Rostek and Yevheniia Andrukh\u043evych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first official report to the mother kuren<\/em> was sent on 5 October 1981, after which annual reporting became a regular practice. Oksana Tarnavska was elected the first kurinna<\/em> (kuren leader), with Halyna Pyrohiv serving as secretary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 14 March 1982, members gathered in Melbourne for the first official founding meeting of the Australian plavnia<\/em>. Tarnavska was elected its first leader, with Tatiana Venhrynovych as secretary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This milestone marked an important step in establishing a formal structure for the kuren<\/em> in Australia, bringing together members who were committed to strengthening Plast and supporting the wider Ukrainian community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Hrebli gatherings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A defining moment in the history of the Australian plavnia<\/em> came on 29 December 1985, when the first Hrebli Vykhor<\/em> \u2014 a national gathering of members of the 2nd Kurin UPS and the 4th Kurin USP \u2014 was held during a joint Plast-SUM camp at the Karpaty campsite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gathering provided an opportunity for members to meet, strengthen relationships and coordinate their work. A new leadership team was elected for the 2nd Kurin UPS, with Yaroslava Boliukh as kurinna<\/em> and Zina Botte as secretary. Tarnavska continued to lead the national plavnia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second Hrebli Vykhor<\/em> took place in Melbourne on 22 April 1987. Members held separate council meetings for each kuren<\/em>, followed by a joint session to confirm their organisational structure and elect new leadership. Tatiana Venhrynovych became kurinna<\/em> of the 2nd Kurin UPS, with Oksana Tarnavska as secretary and H. Hrynevych as treasurer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the gathering, members resolved to continue fundraising for several important causes, including the development of the Sokil campsite, the Ukrainian Studies program at Monash University, the Drot educational fund and training courses for Plast educators. They also decided to create a flag for Ti, Shcho Hrebli Rvut<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following day, on 23 April 1987, the two kureni<\/em> held a joint ceremonial meeting to mark the 60th anniversary of Ti, Shcho Hrebli Rvut<\/em>. Guests, leadership representatives and members from other senior Plast groups were invited to celebrate the occasion. The program included a presentation on the kuren\u2019s<\/em> history, from its establishment in Ukraine, accompanied by historical photographs and illustrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A legacy of service<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Throughout its history in Australia, the 2nd Kurin UPS has maintained a close relationship with the 4th Kurin USP, the senior girls\u2019 kuren<\/em>. The two groups worked together in Plast activities until the 4th Kurin USP became an independent unit, reporting directly to its mother kuren<\/em> in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Members of the 2nd Kurin UPS have consistently contributed to the development of Plast in Australia. Alongside fundraising for Sokil, Ukrainian Studies at Monash University and other community initiatives, members have served as youth educators, held positions on branch leadership teams and participated in the work of the National Plast Leadership. Their contributions have extended beyond Scouting into church and broader community life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Australian plavnia<\/em> brought together members from Melbourne and Adelaide, maintaining a strong network of women united by their commitment to Plast. Membership records from the 1980s and 1990s reflect the group’s continued presence, with members in both states contributing to its activities and leadership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celebrating 100 years<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The centenary of Ti, Shcho Hrebli Rvut<\/em> celebrates more than the longevity of a Plast kuren<\/em>. It honours generations of women whose dedication helped sustain Ukrainian Scouting across continents, from its beginnings in Ukraine to its continued growth in Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From three founding members meeting in Victoria in 1962 to the establishment of a national plavnia<\/em>, their story is one of initiative, perseverance and collective responsibility. Through education, fundraising, leadership and community service, the members of the 2nd Kurin UPS have helped ensure that Plast remains a place where Ukrainian culture, friendship and values are passed from one generation to the next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Ti, Shcho Hrebli Rvut<\/em> marks 100 years, its Australian history stands as a testament to the enduring strength of the Plast sisterhood and the women who continue to carry its legacy forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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